By James Calabaza | TWP Indigenous Lands Program Director
Reforestation is more than planting trees, something our Indigenous partners have understood since time immemorial. Our forests cannot thrive without functional watersheds, nutrient rich soils, diverse wildlife, and human interaction rooted in reciprocity. While reforestation is a critical component to restoring fire disturbed landscapes in the Southwest, cultivating healthy forests does not start or end with seedlings in the ground.
Reforestation does not start without healthy soils that seedlings can call home or without water to nurture them. It does not end with simply “more trees in the ground” either; reforestation is an act of reclamation, knowledge perpetuity, cultural preservation, and economic opportunity through workforce development for Tribes, Pueblos, and Nations across the Southwest.
Understanding the complexity of returning to flourishing native forests, Trees, Water & People (TWP) works to support Tribes and Pueblos that are spearheading burn scar restoration work in New Mexico. In Fall 2025, we supported Indigenous youth crews to plant 5,600 tree seedlings in the Cerro Pelado Burn Scar. These tree species not only reduce atmospheric carbon, but protect soil health, native habitat, and watersheds. Across the seedlings planted, nearly 60 acres of land in the Cerro Pelado burn scar was reforested.
However, due to an unprecedented dry and warm winter, we were unable to continue with spring 2026 reforestation efforts. With parched soil and extreme heat, the seedlings would not survive the conditions. With high hopes for rainfall, we anticipate continuing our reforestation efforts in the fall of 2026. This spring, we are shifting to conducting seedling survival monitoring efforts to assess future planting conditions.
Indigenous youth were foundational in project efforts, being the main foresters as they learned direct silvicultural skills on planting methods, tree species, and monitoring efforts.
Investing into workforce initiatives takes a large network of partners; youth corps are already at their organizational capacity. As an NGO, TWP is able to plan projects, procure funding, and leverage pre-existing agreements that support hands-on career readiness for Indigenous youth.
By Hope Radford | TWP Program Communications Coordinator
By James Calabaza | TWP Indigenous Lands Program Director
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